The impact of public debt on economic growth in Côte d'Ivoire: New evidence from linear and non-linear ARDL approaches

Abstract This study examines the symmetric and asymmetric impact of public debt on economic growth in Côte d'Ivoire using time series data from 1972 to 2021. The analyses were performed both linear nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) models. also utilised bounds F-test for cointegration, Brock-Dechert-Scheinkman (BDS) nonlinearity test, Wald test asymmetries. findings provide support cointegration. BDS results indicate that are nonlinear, while revealed an relationship between short run long run. Estimation ARDL regression model no evidence a statistically significant growth, regardless whether analysis was conducted or NARDL that, average, positive changes lead decline run, negative cause upturn show GDP responds rapidly strongly debt. Therefore, encourages government be cautious about rise because it established they have growth. Negative can serve minimise uncertainties business environment, thus promoting private, public, foreign direct investments.